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F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG is a Swiss global health-care company that operates worldwide under two divisions: Pharmaceuticals and Diagnostics. Its holding company, Roche Holding AG, has bearer shares listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange. The company headquarters are located in Basel and the company has many pharmaceutical and diagnostic sites around the world – including: Tucson, AZ; Pleasanton, CA; Vacaville, California, Oceanside, California, Branchburg, NJ; Indianapolis, Indiana; Florence, South Carolina; and Ponce, Puerto Rico in the US; Welwyn Garden City and Burgess Hill in the UK; Clarecastle in Ireland; Mannheim and Penzberg in Germany; Mississauga and Laval in Canada; Shanghai in China; Mumbai & Hyderabad in India; São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Segrate, Milan in Italy; Johannesburg in South Africa; Karachi, Islamabad and Lahore in Pakistan. There are 26 manufacturing sites worldwide. The company owns the American biotechnology company Genentech, which is a wholly owned affiliate, and the Japanese biotechnology company Chugai Pharmaceuticals as well as the Tucson, Arizona-based Ventana. Roche's revenues during fiscal year 2014 were 47.46 billion Swiss francs,〔 or approximately US$48 billion. Roche is the third-largest pharma company worldwide.〔(Pharm Exec's 2013 ranking of the top 50 pharma companies worldwide ), www.pharmexec.com. Retrieved 22 February 2015〕 Descendants of the founding Hoffmann and Oeri families own slightly over half of the bearer shares with voting rights (a pool of family shareholders 45%, and Maja Oeri a further 5% apart), with Swiss pharma firm Novartis owning a further third of its shares. Roche is one of the few companies increasing their dividend every year, for 2013 as the 27th consecutive year.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Roche - Roche Annual General Meeting 2014 )〕 F. Hoffmann-La Roche is a full member of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA). ==History== Founded in 1896 by Fritz Hoffmann-La Roche, the company was early on known for producing various vitamin preparations and derivatives. In 1934, it became the first company to mass-produce synthetic vitamin C, under the brand name Redoxon. In 1957 it introduced the class of tranquilizers known as benzodiazepines (with Valium and Rohypnol being the best known members). It manufactures and sells several cancer drugs and is a leader in this field. In 1956, the first antidepressant, iproniazid, was accidentally created during an experiment while synthesizing isoniazid. Originally, it had been intended to create a more efficient drug at combatting Tuberculosis. Iproniazid, however, revealed to have its own benefits; some people felt it made them feel happier. It was withdrawn from the market in the early 1960s due to toxic side-effects. In 1976, an accident at a chemical factory in Seveso, Italy, owned by a subsidiary of Roche caused a large dioxin contamination; see Seveso disaster. In 1982, the United States arm of the company acquired Biomedical Reference Laboratories for US$163.5 million. That company dated from the late 1960s, and was located in Burlington, North Carolina. That year Hoffmann–La Roche then merged it with all of its laboratories, and incorporated the merged company as Roche Biomedical Laboratories, Inc. in Burlington. By the early 1990s, Roche Biomedical became one of the largest clinical laboratory networks in the United States, with 20 major laboratories and US$600 million in sales.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Roche Biomedical Laboratories, Inc )〕 Roche has also produced various HIV tests and antiretroviral drugs. It bought the patents for the polymerase chain reaction technique in 1992. In 1995 the era of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) was initiated by the United States FDA's approval of Hoffman LaRoche's HIV protease inhibitor saquinavir. Within 2 years of its approval (and that of ritonavir 4 months later) annual deaths from AIDS in the United States fell from over 50,000 to approximately 18,000 On 28 April 1995 Hoffmann–La Roche sold Roche Biomedical Laboratories, Inc. to National Health Laboratories Holdings Inc. (which then changed its name to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings).〔(Laboratory Corp of America Holdings · 10-Q · For 3/31/95 ), SECInfo.com, Filed On 5/15/95, SEC File 1-11353, Accession Number 920148-95-11〕 Roche acquired Syntex in 1994 and Chugai Pharmaceuticals in 2002. Oseltamivir is considered to be the primary antiviral drug used to combat avian influenza, commonly known as the bird flu. Roche is the only drug company authorized to manufacture the drug, which was discovered by Gilead Sciences. Roche purchased the rights to the drug in 1996 and in 2005 settled a royalty dispute, agreeing to pay Gilead tiered royalties of 14–22% of annual net sales without adjusting the payments for manufacturing costs, as had been allowedin the original licensing agreement. On 20 October 2005, Hoffmann–La Roche decided to license other companies to manufacture Oseltamivir. On 22 January 2008, Roche acquired Ventana Medical Systems for $3.4 billion.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.roche.com/media/media_releases/med-cor-2008-01-22.htm )〕 On 2 January 2009, Roche acquired Memory Pharmaceuticals Corp. On 26 March, Roche acquired Genentech for $46.8 billion. On 12 March 2009 Roche agreed to fully acquire Genentech, in which it had held a majority stake since 1990, after 8 months of negotiations. As a result of the Genentech acquisition, Roche closed its Palo Alto based research facilities and moved them to their campus that straddles the border between Clifton, New Jersey and Nutley, New Jersey while Roche's United States headquarters, located on the site since 1929, was moved to Genentech's facility in South San Francisco. Genentech became a wholly owned subsidiary group of Roche on 25 March 2009. On 13 April, Roche acquired Medingo Ltd., for $160 million.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.roche.com/investors/ir_update/inv-update-2010-04-13.htm )〕 On 23 August 2010, Roche acquired BioImagene, Inc., for $100 million.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.roche.com/investors/ir_update/inv-update-2010-08-23.htm )〕 In 2011, the company received the ISPE Facility of the Year Award for Process Innovation for Roche’s "MyDose" Clinical Supply project.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=2011 Facility of the Year Category winners! )〕 On 15 March, Roche acquired PVT Probenverteiltechnik GmbH for up to 85 million EUR.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.roche.com/investors/ir_update/inv-update-2011-03-15.htm )〕 On 19 July, Roche acquired mtm laboratories AG for up to 190 million EUR.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.roche.com/investors/ir_update/inv-update-2011-07-19.htm )〕 On 17 October, Roche acquired Anadys Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for $230 million.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.roche.com/investors/ir_update/inv-update-2011-10-17.htm )〕 On 26 June 2012, Roche announced the closure of the Nutley/Clifton campus, which was completed in 2013. The property is in the process of remediation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.rocheusa.com/portal/usa/press_releases_nutley?siteUuid=re7180004&paf_gear_id=38400020&pageId=re7425113&synergyaction=show&paf_dm=full&nodeId=1414-483eca26c04011e1bf151d03aefa681a )〕 On 2 July 2013, Roche Diagnostics acquired blood diagnostics company Constitution Medical Inc. for $220 million.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.roche.com/investors/ir_update/inv-update-2013-07-02.htm )〕 On 7 April 2014, Roche announced its intention to acquire IQuum for up to $450 million,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.roche.com/investors/ir_update/inv-update-2014-04-07.htm )〕 as well as the rights to an experimental drug (ORY-1001) from Spanish company Oryzon Genomics for $21 million and up to $500 million in milestone payments. On 2 June, Roche announced its intention to acquire Genia Technologies Inc. for up to $350 million. In August 2014, the company agreed to purchase Californian-based pharmaceutical firm InterMune for $8.3 billion, at $74 a share this represents a 38% premium over the final share closing price.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Roche To Buy Biotech Firm InterMune For $8.3B )〕 In December 2014, the company acquired next-generation sequencing processing company Bina Technologies for an undisclosed sum.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Roche Acquires Big Data Platform Provider )〕 On 16 January 2015, the company annonuced that they would acquire Trophos for €470 million ($543 million) in order to increase the companies neuromuscular disease presence. The deal will centre around the Phase II and III spinal muscular atrophy drug olesoxime (TRO19622).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Roche to Buy Trophos for Up-to-$543M )〕 In August, the company announced its intention to acquire GeneWEAVE for up to $425 million in order to strengthen its microbial diagnostics business.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Roche to Acquire GeneWEAVE for Up-to $425M )〕 Days later the company acquired Kapa Biosystems focussing on next generation sequencing and polymerase chain reaction applications.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Roche Acquires Genomic Tools Provider Kapa Biosystems )〕 In October 2015, the company acquired Adheron Therapeutics for $105 million (plus up to $475 million in milestone payments).〔http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/roche-to-acquire-adheron-therapeutics-for-105-upfront/81251839/〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hoffmann-La Roche」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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